Art of forming leases



Mack 22, "193 8., B ERNHART -ART OF FORMING LEASES Original Filed Sept. 24, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR, l ichala- 'jernfia, m

ATTORNEY.

March 22, 1938. N..B ERNHART ART OF FORMING LEASES Original Filed sa 24, 1935 s Sheets-Sheet? INVENTOR, fi ich lm- Bernie-vi March 22, 1938. 3 IQL-BERNHART ART OF FORMIN G LEASES Original Filed Sept. 24, 1935 s Sheets-Sheet :s

Patented Mar. 22, 1938 v UNITED STATES ART OF FORMING LEASES Nicholas Bernhart, Hawthorne, N. J., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Charles B. Johnson,

Paterson, N. J.

Original application September 24, 1935, Serial Divided and this application May 20, 1937, Serial No. 143,675

, 11 Claims.

The present application constitutes a division of my application Serial No. 41,853.

This invention relates to the art of forming warp-leases and particularly to the forming of leases in the case where the final or completed warp is composed of a number of warps or warp sections which when the leasing is done stand in superposed relation to each other, all converging from superposed supports to form, by merging together in a single plane, the completed warp.

Heretofore to form the lease a hook-reed has been used of the kind whose dents have hooks all projecting in one direction from them short 15 of the neighboring dents. The spaces between the hooks and the neighboring dents are of course present to permit the reed, after drawing down the selected threads to form a shed to be maintained by a leasecord or the like, to clear 20 as it rises the remaining threads preparatory to r the next downward movement of the reed to draw down the latter threads in the forming of the second shed followed by entry of a leasecord thereto. Of course the capacity of the reed is reduced by just so much as the sum of these spaces. Again, a reed of this type may be used to form a true lease (i. e., in which the threads are equally divided) only where there is an even number of the component warps or Warp sections superposed; if there is an odd number one of the warp sheets at the lease will contain more threads than the otherfor instance, where there are three banks of component warps or sections one sheet would be formed with twice the number of threads of the other.

The principal objects of this invention are to overcome these faults characterizing the hook reed.

In the drawings,

Fig. l is a side elevation of apparatus which may be used in the performance of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view in a vertical plane say immediately to the left of the mechanism carried by the upright 8;

Fig. 3 is a plan of said mechanism; Fig. 4 is an elevation, viewed from the left in Fig. 1, of fragments of the segregator and its Cal controlling slide, the slide being down and the segregator in its upper position and the view showing the threads in section and by dotted lines the paths which the segregator teeth follow when the segregator descends with the slide in said position.

55 Fig. 5 is a similar elevation, the slide being up and the segregator in its upper position and the view showing the threads in section and by dotted lines the paths which the segregator teeth follow when the segregator descends with the slide in this position;

Fig. 6 is a similar elevation showing the positions of the threads relatively to the segregator when it has descended; Fig. 7 shows partly in section and partly diagrammatically the beam 3, bar 1, the segregator and the threads in the depressed position of the segregator, a shed being formed to receive the first lease-cord;

Fig. 8 shows in side elevation,diagrammatically, the bar I and the threads with said lease-cord in position and upon the ensuing rise of the segregator;

Fig. 9 is a similar view but showing the lease completed, i. e., with the second lease-cord also in position;

Fig. 10 is a front elevation of a modified form of the segregator; and

Figs.- 11 and 12 are diagrammatic views illustrating the invention essentially and with respect to the method involved.

Suppose, for example, there are two banks or tiers of threads of equal number and in some way substantially equally spaced. There is a segregator which is movable through the planes of the banks and has spaced teeth projecting toward them and of a number'one-half that of the threads in each bank, the teeth, considered successively, being respectively active on the pairs (also considered successively) of threads. To form the first shed the segregator is moved through the planes of the banks in such manner that each tooth displaces with itself one (as left or right) of the threads of the pair to which it is devoted in the upper bank and then the relatively opposite thread 'of the pair to which it is devoted in the lower bank, the resulting shed formed as between the threads thus displaced and the remaining ones (of equal number to those displaced) being maintained by a leasecord or equivalent separating device. The segregator is then returned and the operation repeated, but on the now ensuing movement of the segregator through the planes of the banks each tooth thereof is made to displace in the two banks the threads it missed before, the resulting shed formed as between the sheet of threads last displaced and those first displaced being maintained by a leasecord, completing the lease. If there are more than two banks the operation continues in the same way, the segregator moving zig-zag through the planes of the banks; and, whether the number of the banks is even or odd, a true lease will be formed. Referring now to the apparatus shown:

It will be convenient, though not necessarily indispensable, to arrange the threads at of the warp in converging banks, those in each bank being as nearly as possible all in the same plane, which arrangement may be maintained thus: Supporting structure, as I, carries two beams 2 and 3 on which the threads may be wound and which maintain them normally taut, the beams being held against rotation in any way, as by pins 4. From beam 2 the whole complement of threads is shown extending under a bar 5, then bank for bank over respective bars 6 and finally over a bar I which coacts with bars 6 to maintain the banks in the state of convergenceFig. l. The banks are as nearly as possible equally spaced, as are the threads in each bank or transversely; all the banks here have exactly the same number of threads and they are arranged squarely one above another or so that a thread of any given number across a bank will be in the same vertical plane as threads of the same number in the other banks. It will be understood that usually in practice there will be several beams 2, one or each bank, where the complete warp (wound on beam 3) is composed of several component warps respectively forming the banks; also that the convergence, as stated not indispensable to the performance of the invention, is merely an incident of the bringing together as usual on a single beam 3 of such component warps of banks.

Between the two beams the supporting structure includes an arch-like upright 8 through whose opening 8a the threads extend, and their mentioned lateral spacing is maintained by a reed 9 secured to one face of this upright and having its dents standing vertically.

In a vertical guideway afforded by the upright (as between two ribs 8b thereof spanned by a bridge-plate 8c) is movable the stem of a plunger in the form of a cross-head l0, ll being a lever for moving it down and back which is pivoted to the upright and suitably connected, at Ila, with the plunger stem. The plunger carries a comb-like thread segregator or comb formed and controlled as follows:

From a horizontally elongated back or block 52 depend a series of equal-width teeth I 3, the series being flanked at both sides by depending webs l3a and the teeth and webs being all separated by equal-width slots [4. The number of teeth should be such that there will be at least one for every two threads in each bank, for the successive teeth are to operate, as will appear, on the respective successive pairs of threads in each bank, each acting on one descent of the segregator on only one of the threads of the corresponding pair in each bank and on the next descent on the other thread. In the example every reed space is occupied by a thread of each bank and, there being 24 such spaces, there are twelve teeth. Each tooth has its lower end desirably tapered and it has a notch I332. The segregator is suspended from the cross-head by screws [5 penetrating slots It in the cross-head,

permitting the segregator to reciprocate transversely relatively to the cross-head.

On opposite sides of opening 8a of the upright are a pad I! and a controller in the form of a slide l8, and between them and depending arms l9 afiixed to the upright the plunger and segregator are movable. When the segregator is depressed the slide, as will appear, causes its transverse reciprocation; the pad is present simply to space the segregator from the upright the same as does the slide. The segregator has a rear stud 2!] formed here square with a diagonal thereof vertical. This is engaged with a zig-zag way (here a groove) 2| of a thickened-up portion of the slide which in the example is formed as follows: it comprises a series of equal-length sections or portions which from center to center in the vertical direction are spaced the same as the thread-banks, the alternates 2la being ofiset transversely with respect to the remainder Zlb the same as the reed spaces (or the threads in each bank transversely) are spaced and the sections of one set being joined with those of the other by oblique sections 2 la. The arrangement is in short such that when the segregator is depressed the engagement of the stud 20 with the groove produces the transverse reciprocation of the segregator, its movement in each direction being equal to the spacing of the threads and such movement occurring at intervals equal to the spacing of the thread-banks in substantially the plane of the segregator.

However, the slide is itself capable of movement up and down a distance equal to the spacing of the thread-banks, as by a lever 22 pivoted to the upright at 23 and connected at 22d, with a suitable thickening rib I8b of the slide, whose movement is limited by vertical slots [8a therein receiving studs 24 on the upright and having a length equal to the spacing of the thread-banks.

If the segregator be moved down while the slide (as by lever 22) is held down (position of Fig. 2 or 4) the teeth l3 will follow the zigzag paths b in Fig. 4, receiving in their notches and depressing one half of the threads, 1. e., the oddnumbered threads in the odd-numbered banks and the even-numbered threads in the evennumbered banks, the remaining half of the threads being permitted to enter the slots I l-see Fig. 6. If the segregator be moved down while the slide is held up (Fig. 5) the teeth [3 will now follow the paths 12' receiving in their notches and depressing one-half of the threads, i. e., the evennumbered threadsin the odd-numbered banks and the odd-numbered threads in the even-numbered banks, the remaining half of the threads being permitted to enter said slots. On completion of either such operation (Fig. 6) there will be as many threads in each tooth-notch as there are thread-banks and in each slot likewise as many as there are thread-banks (except for the extreme right-hand slot, in which there will be one-half the number of threads as there are thread-banks) Further, on either such operation the threads depressed by the teeth will, between the segregator and bar I, assume a plane, as at c; and if, as is preferred, the segregator is depressed sufficiently so that the block l2 engages all the threads which enter the slots l4, these threads will assume the plane 12 between the segregator and bar 1. Thus a shed (Fig. 7) will exist through which a lease cord may be passed to maintain it.

The operation of forming a lease is as follows: The slide being held at one of its limits the segregator is depressed to form a shed (one-half of the threads assuming the plane 0 and the other half being preferably made to assume the plane d), a lease-cord e is entered through the shed and shifted forward of bar 1, whereupon the segregator is elevated, permitting all the threads to re-assume substantially the state shown by Figs. 1 and 2 and see Fig. 8. The slide being shifted to and held at its other limit the segregator is again depressed to form a shed (the two halves of the entire thread complement being now in reversed positions with respect tothe planes and d), another lease-cord f is entered into this shed, which may be shifted past the bar I, and the lease results. Upon elevating the segregator the leased warp may be withdrawn from the reed.

The invention may be thus analyzed:

Suppose there are only two banks of threads. Each two pairs of threads to which any tooth I3 appertains (one pair in the upper and the other in the lower bank) undergoes this treatment (Fig. 11): A thread of the one hand or class (left or right) in one pair and a thread of the opposite hand or class in the other pair (as the threads joined by the dotted line a or a are first bent to form with the remaining threads a shed (Fig. 7) and a shed-preserving device, as e, is introduced into this shed, and then, while the shed is so preserved, the two of the threads forming one side of the shed (as its top side) are bent past the other pair of threads to form another shed and a shed-preserving device, as f, is introduced into this shed, completing the lease.

Again, suppose there are three banks, or it may be more. Each two vertical rows of threads to which any tooth appertains undergoes this treatment (Fig. 12): The odd-numbered threads of one row and the even-numbered threads of the other row are first bent past the remaining threads to form a shed and a shedpreserving device introduced, and then, while the shed is so preserved, the remaining threads are bent past the first-named threads and a shedpreserving device introduced.

I claim broadly the apparatus for performing the method thus involved, not limiting myself to the particular apparatus so far described. For instance, it would be possible to perform such method with the use of the segregator shown by Fig. 10, having which, even in a manual operation and also without the use of a reed as 9, one might in fact form a true lease.

This segregator has top and bottom bars 25, dents 26 and 21, alternating with each other and connecting the bars, and short dents 28 depending from the top bar one each side of a dent 21 and connected by cross-pieces 29 short of the lower ends of the dents 28. Withthis segre- V gator a reed (as 9) as an independent element is unnecessary since the dents 26 and 21 isolate the vertical rows of threads from each other. Each pair of dents 21 taken with the cross-bar positioned as stated presents in effect a tooth with a notched lower end,.or in eifect like each tooth l3. The warp being threaded through this segregator in the manner shown, it may be first made to descend as per one of the dotted zig-zag lines in Fig. 12, for instance, thus depressing certain threads as in that figure to form a shed, and with this shed now preserved and upon the return of the segregator, it may next be made to descend as per the other of said dotted zig-zag lines, thus depressing the remaining threads in the completing of the lease.

While my principal object has been concerned with apparatus for the forming of a lease in a banked warp'it incidentally includes apparatus for the forming of a shed in such a warp, as will be apparent.

Even in so far as any one bank of stretched threads is concerned my invention presents novelty (whether in the forming of a mere shed or the forming of a lease) in this respect that, given the threads supported (in any way) at spaced intervals of substantially equal extent, there is a thread-segregator having spaced teeth extending as a series transversely of the warp and themselves toward the warp and arranged at intervals at least double the extent of the threadintervals and being movable toward the Warp and also lengthwiseof the series back and forth, whereby on appropriate displacement of the segregator lengthwise of the series followed by its movement toward the warp those threads which stand in the same spacing from each other as the teeth will be'bent by the latter to form a shed with the remaining threads.

Having thus fully described my invention what I claim is:

1. In an apparatus for forming a shed in a warp having its threads arranged in superposed banks, the combination of a thread segregator having a succession of spaced thread-segregating means all presented in the same general direction, said segregator being movable in said direction and back, and structure in which the segregator is so movable having means to shift the segregator during such movement lengthwise of the succession of first-named means.

2. In an apparatus for forming a shed in a warp having its threads arranged in superposed banks, the combination of a thread segregator having a succession of spaced thread-segregating means all presented in the same general direction, said segregator being movable in said direction and back, and structure in which the segregator is so movable having means during such movement to move the segregator back and forth lengthwise of the succession of first-named means.

3. In an apparatus for forming a shed in a warp having its threads arranged in superposed banks, the combination of a plunger movable in a given path and back, a thread segregator connected to move with the plunger and having spaced thread-segregating means all presented in generally the same direction and arranged in a succession extending transversely of said path, and structure in which the plunger is so movable having means during such movement of the plunger to shift the segregator lengthwise of the succession of first-named means.

4. In an apparatus for forming a shed in a warp having its threads arranged in superposed banks, the combination of a plunger movable in a given path and back, a thread segregator connected to move with the plunger and having spaced thread-segregating devices all presented in generally the same direction and arranged in a succession extending transversely of said path, and structure in which the plunger is so movable having means during such movement of the plunger to move the segregator back and forth lengthwise of the succession of said devices.

5. In an apparatus for forming a shed in a warp having its threads arranged in superposed banks, the combination of a thread segregator having a succession of spaced thread-segregating devices all presented in the same general direction, said segregator being movable in said direction and back, and structure in which the segregator is so movable, a part of said structure being movable relatively to the remainder thereof generally lengthwise of said path and forming means during such movement of the segregator to shift the latter lengthwise of the succession of said devices.

6. In an apparatus for forming a shed in a warp having its threads arranged in superposed banks, the combination of a thread segregator having a succession of spaced thread-segregating devices all presented in the same general direction, said segregator being movable in said direction and back, and structure in which the segregator is so movable, a part of said structure being movable relatively to the remainder thereof generally lengthwise of said path and forming means during such movement of the segregator to move the latter back and forth lengthwise of the succession of said devices.

'7. In combination, spaced means between which are extended the superposed substantially equally-spaced several sections of a warp whose threads in each section are the same in number and are spaced substantially the same as in any other section, a thread segregator having a succession of spaced thread-segregating devices all projecting toward and as a succession extending transversely of the warp, said segregator being movable to project said devices through the several sections and back and being also movable transversely of the warp and having said devices substantially equally spaced and one-half in number of that of the threads of each section, and structure in which the segregator is so movable, a part of said structure being movable relatively to the remainder thereof back and forth in a path substantially paralleling that of the segregator and to either of two limits spaced substantially the same as the spacing of said sections apart and having a zig-zag way engaged by the segregator and adapted when at either limit and on such movement of the segregator to move the latter generally lengthwise of said succession of said devices, the bends on the one hand in said way being offset from those of the other hand a distance substantially equal to the spacing of the threads in each section.

8. In combination, means to support threads of a warp stretched in the same general direction and in substantially a plane and at substantially equal intervals, and mechanism to form sheds in the warp including a threadsegregator having spaced teeth extending as a series transverse- 1y of and themselves toward the warp and arranged at intervals at least double in extent the thread-intervals, said segregator being movable toward the warp and also lengthwise of said series back and forth.

9. A dent for a warp leasing device having at one portion thereof a pair of warp engaging hooks disposed one on each side thereof.

10. A dent for a warp leasing device comprising a thin flat strip of metal having at one portion thereof a pair of warp engaging hooks disposed one on each side thereof.

11. The hereindescribed segregator for use for the purpose described including a series of teeth all projecting in the same general direction and having terminal notches formed to receive threads of a warp, dents projecting generally in said di rection from, and respectively dividing the notches of, said teeth, and other dents interposed between and spaced from and alternating with the teeth and also projecting generally in said direction from between the teeth.

NICHOLAS BERNHART. 

